There are several alternative methods to traditional mining that are being researched and developed, including
In-situ leaching (ISL) - a method of extracting minerals from ore deposits in which the minerals are dissolved and then pumped out, leaving the rock in place.
Bio-mining - using microorganisms to extract metals from ores and waste materials.
Hydrometallurgical extraction - using aqueous chemistry to extract minerals from ores.
Electro-winning - using electricity to extract metals from their ores.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) - capturing and storing carbon dioxide emissions from mining operations to reduce their impact on the environment.
Recycling - using scrap metal and waste materials as a source of minerals, reducing the need for mining new ores.
These alternative methods aim to be more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly compared to traditional mining methods.